Give the necessary elements of chemiosmosis.
(N/A) Chemiosmosis requires four essential components: a membrane,a proton pump,a proton gradient,and the enzyme $ATPase$.
$(a)$ $A$ membrane is required to separate the two compartments (e.g.,thylakoid lumen and stroma).
$(b)$ $A$ proton pump uses energy to move protons across the membrane,creating a proton gradient or a high concentration of protons within the thylakoid lumen.
$(c)$ $ATPase$ contains a channel that allows the facilitated diffusion of protons back across the membrane to the stroma. This movement releases sufficient energy to activate the $ATPase$ enzyme,which catalyzes the formation of $ATP$ from $ADP$ and inorganic phosphate.
$(a)$ $A$ membrane is required to separate the two compartments (e.g.,thylakoid lumen and stroma).
$(b)$ $A$ proton pump uses energy to move protons across the membrane,creating a proton gradient or a high concentration of protons within the thylakoid lumen.
$(c)$ $ATPase$ contains a channel that allows the facilitated diffusion of protons back across the membrane to the stroma. This movement releases sufficient energy to activate the $ATPase$ enzyme,which catalyzes the formation of $ATP$ from $ADP$ and inorganic phosphate.
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What is the advantage of light reactions producing $ATP$ and $NADPH$ on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane?
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View SolutionRead the following statements:
$(a)$ $F_{0}$ part of $ATP$ase is associated with the breakdown of the proton gradient.
$(b)$ $A$ $H^+$ carrier contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
$(c)$ Movement of electrons in $ETS$ is coupled to the pumping of protons into the lumen.
$(d)$ Formation of $NADPH + H^+$ is related to the creation of the proton gradient.
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$(a)$ $F_{0}$ part of $ATP$ase is associated with the breakdown of the proton gradient.
$(b)$ $A$ $H^+$ carrier contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
$(c)$ Movement of electrons in $ETS$ is coupled to the pumping of protons into the lumen.
$(d)$ Formation of $NADPH + H^+$ is related to the creation of the proton gradient.
How many of the above statements are correct?
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View SolutionThe following $(I-VI)$ are the main steps of chemiosmotic $ATP$ synthesis in the light reaction. Arrange them in the correct order:
$I$. $H^+$ concentration gradient established
$II$. $H^+$ diffuses through $ATP$ synthase
$III$. Carriers use energy from electrons to move $H^+$ across the membrane
$IV$. Electrons from $PS-II$ pass along the electron transport chain
$V$. Light excites electrons in $PS-II$
$VI$. Energy of $H^+$ flow is used by $ATP$ synthase to make $ATP$
$I$. $H^+$ concentration gradient established
$II$. $H^+$ diffuses through $ATP$ synthase
$III$. Carriers use energy from electrons to move $H^+$ across the membrane
$IV$. Electrons from $PS-II$ pass along the electron transport chain
$V$. Light excites electrons in $PS-II$
$VI$. Energy of $H^+$ flow is used by $ATP$ synthase to make $ATP$
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